fq_default.h – unified finite fields

Types, macros and constants

type fq_default_ctx_t

type fq_default_t

Context Management

void fq_default_ctx_init_type(fq_default_ctx_t ctx, const fmpz_t p, slong d, const char *var, int type)

void fq_default_ctx_init(fq_default_ctx_t ctx, const fmpz_t p, slong d, const char *var)

Initialises the context ctx for prime \(p\) and extension degree \(d\), with string var of length at least one for the generator display name. By default, it will try use a Conway polynomial; if one is not available, a random irreducible polynomial will be used.

For fq_default_ctx_init, it will choose the best representation for performance.

For fq_default_ctx_init_type, a separate argument type is required which sets which representation to use. These values can be: 0 (which then will act just like fq_default_ctx_init), FQ_DEFAULT_FQ_ZECH, FQ_DEFAULT_FQ_NMOD, FQ_DEFAULT_FQ, FQ_DEFAULT_NMOD and FQ_DEFAULT_FMPZ_MOD.

void fq_default_ctx_init_modulus_nmod_type(fq_default_ctx_t ctx, const nmod_poly_t modulus, const char *var, int type)

void fq_default_ctx_init_modulus_nmod(fq_default_ctx_t ctx, const nmod_poly_t modulus, const char *var)

void fq_default_ctx_init_modulus_type(fq_default_ctx_t ctx, const fmpz_mod_poly_t modulus, fmpz_mod_ctx_t mod_ctx, const char *var, int type)

void fq_default_ctx_init_modulus(fq_default_ctx_t ctx, const fmpz_mod_poly_t modulus, fmpz_mod_ctx_t mod_ctx, const char *var)

Initialises the finite field context ctx defined by the given polynomial modulus. For the fmpz_mod_poly type, the context structure mod_ctx for the polynomial must also be given. Sets the printing of variable of the field to the string var, which is assumed to be length of at least one.

The context ctx will after the call represent the finite field in one of the five different formats: fq_zech, fq_nmod, nmod, fmpz_mod and fq.

The characteristic of the field will be the modulus of the polynomial and its degree will equal to the degree of the polynomial. Furthermore, it assumes that the characteristic is prime and that the polynomial irreducible. Furthermore, in order for the field to be representable as the Zech logarithm we assume that polynomial is primitive; if it is not, another representation will be chosen.

For fq_default_ctx_init_modulus_nmod or fq_default_ctx_init_modulus, it chooses the best representation for performance.

For fq_default_ctx_init_modulus_nmod_type or fq_default_ctx_init_modulus_type, it expects type to be one of the following choices: FQ_DEFAULT_FQ_ZECH, FQ_DEFAULT_FQ_NMOD, FQ_DEFAULT_FQ, FQ_DEFAULT_NMOD or FQ_DEFAULT_FMPZ_MOD. To be clear: if the Zech logarithm is chosen but the polynomial is not primitive, another representation will be chosen.

void fq_default_ctx_clear(fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Clears all memory that has been allocated as part of the context.

int fq_default_ctx_type(const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Returns \(1\) if the context contains an fq_zech context, \(2\) if it contains an fq_mod context and \(3\) if it contains an fq context.

void *fq_default_ctx_inner(const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Returns a pointer to the internal context object of type fq_ctx_t, fq_zech_ctx_t, fmpz_mod_ctx_t, etc.

slong fq_default_ctx_degree(const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Returns the degree of the field extension \([\mathbf{F}_{q} : \mathbf{F}_{p}]\), which is equal to \(\log_{p} q\).

void fq_default_ctx_prime(fmpz_t prime, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets \(prime\) to the prime \(p\) in the context.

void fq_default_ctx_order(fmpz_t f, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets \(f\) to be the size of the finite field.

void fq_default_ctx_modulus(fmpz_mod_poly_t p, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets \(p\) to the defining polynomial of the finite field..

int fq_default_ctx_fprint(FILE *file, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Prints the context information to file. Returns 1 for a success and a negative number for an error.

void fq_default_ctx_print(const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Prints the context information to stdout.

void fq_default_ctx_init_randtest(fq_default_ctx_t ctx, flint_rand_t state)

Initializes ctx to a random finite field using one of the five internal representations. Assumes that fq_default_ctx_init has not been called on ctx already.

void fq_default_get_coeff_fmpz(fmpz_t c, fq_default_t op, slong n, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Set \(c\) to the degree \(n\) coefficient of the polynomial representation of the finite field element op.

Memory management

void fq_default_init(fq_default_t rop, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Initialises the element rop, setting its value to \(0\).

void fq_default_init2(fq_default_t rop, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Initialises poly with at least enough space for it to be an element of ctx and sets it to \(0\).

void fq_default_clear(fq_default_t rop, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Clears the element rop.

Predicates

int fq_default_is_invertible(const fq_default_t op, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Return 1 if op is an invertible element.

Basic arithmetic

void fq_default_add(fq_default_t rop, const fq_default_t op1, const fq_default_t op2, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets rop to the sum of op1 and op2.

void fq_default_sub(fq_default_t rop, const fq_default_t op1, const fq_default_t op2, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets rop to the difference of op1 and op2.

void fq_default_sub_one(fq_default_t rop, const fq_default_t op1, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets rop to the difference of op1 and \(1\).

void fq_default_neg(fq_default_t rop, const fq_default_t op, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets rop to the negative of op.

void fq_default_mul(fq_default_t rop, const fq_default_t op1, const fq_default_t op2, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets rop to the product of op1 and op2, reducing the output in the given context.

void fq_default_mul_fmpz(fq_default_t rop, const fq_default_t op, const fmpz_t x, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets rop to the product of op and \(x\), reducing the output in the given context.

void fq_default_mul_si(fq_default_t rop, const fq_default_t op, slong x, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets rop to the product of op and \(x\), reducing the output in the given context.

void fq_default_mul_ui(fq_default_t rop, const fq_default_t op, ulong x, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets rop to the product of op and \(x\), reducing the output in the given context.

void fq_default_sqr(fq_default_t rop, const fq_default_t op, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets rop to the square of op, reducing the output in the given context.

void fq_default_div(fq_default_t rop, fq_default_t op1, fq_default_t op2, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets rop to the quotient of op1 and op2, reducing the output in the given context.

void fq_default_inv(fq_default_t rop, const fq_default_t op, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets rop to the inverse of the non-zero element op.

void fq_default_pow(fq_default_t rop, const fq_default_t op, const fmpz_t e, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets rop the op raised to the power \(e\).

Currently assumes that \(e \geq 0\).

Note that for any input op, rop is set to \(1\) whenever \(e = 0\).

void fq_default_pow_ui(fq_default_t rop, const fq_default_t op, const ulong e, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets rop the op raised to the power \(e\).

Currently assumes that \(e \geq 0\).

Note that for any input op, rop is set to \(1\) whenever \(e = 0\).

Roots

int fq_default_sqrt(fq_default_t rop, const fq_default_t op1, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets rop to the square root of op1 if it is a square, and return \(1\), otherwise return \(0\).

void fq_default_pth_root(fq_default_t rop, const fq_default_t op1, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets rop to a \(p^{th}\) root root of op1. Currently, this computes the root by raising op1 to \(p^{d-1}\) where \(d\) is the degree of the extension.

int fq_default_is_square(const fq_default_t op, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Return 1 if op is a square.

Output

int fq_default_fprint_pretty(FILE *file, const fq_default_t op, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Prints a pretty representation of op to file.

In the current implementation, always returns \(1\). The return code is part of the function’s signature to allow for a later implementation to return the number of characters printed or a non-positive error code.

void fq_default_print_pretty(const fq_default_t op, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Prints a pretty representation of op to stdout.

In the current implementation, always returns \(1\). The return code is part of the function’s signature to allow for a later implementation to return the number of characters printed or a non-positive error code.

int fq_default_fprint(FILE *file, const fq_default_t op, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Prints a representation of op to file.

void fq_default_print(const fq_default_t op, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Prints a representation of op to stdout.

char *fq_default_get_str(const fq_default_t op, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Returns the plain FLINT string representation of the element op.

char *fq_default_get_str_pretty(const fq_default_t op, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Returns a pretty representation of the element op using the null-terminated string x as the variable name.

Randomisation

void fq_default_randtest(fq_default_t rop, flint_rand_t state, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Generates a random element of \(\mathbf{F}_q\).

void fq_default_randtest_not_zero(fq_default_t rop, flint_rand_t state, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Generates a random non-zero element of \(\mathbf{F}_q\).

void fq_default_rand(fq_default_t rop, flint_rand_t state, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Generates a high quality random element of \(\mathbf{F}_q\).

void fq_default_rand_not_zero(fq_default_t rop, flint_rand_t state, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Generates a high quality non-zero random element of \(\mathbf{F}_q\).

Assignments and conversions

void fq_default_set(fq_default_t rop, const fq_default_t op, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets rop to op.

void fq_default_set_si(fq_default_t rop, const slong x, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets rop to x, considered as an element of \(\mathbf{F}_p\).

void fq_default_set_ui(fq_default_t rop, const ulong x, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets rop to x, considered as an element of \(\mathbf{F}_p\).

void fq_default_set_fmpz(fq_default_t rop, const fmpz_t x, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets rop to x, considered as an element of \(\mathbf{F}_p\).

void fq_default_swap(fq_default_t op1, fq_default_t op2, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Swaps the two elements op1 and op2.

void fq_default_zero(fq_default_t rop, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets rop to zero.

void fq_default_one(fq_default_t rop, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets rop to one, reduced in the given context.

void fq_default_gen(fq_default_t rop, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets rop to a generator for the finite field. There is no guarantee this is a multiplicative generator of the finite field.

int fq_default_get_fmpz(fmpz_t rop, const fq_default_t op, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

If op has a lift to the integers, return \(1\) and set rop to the lift in \([0,p)\). Otherwise, return \(0\) and leave \(rop\) undefined.

void fq_default_get_nmod_poly(nmod_poly_t poly, const fq_default_t op, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets poly to the polynomial representation of op. Assumes the characteristic of the field and the modulus of the polynomial are the same. No checking of this occurs.

void fq_default_set_nmod_poly(fq_default_t op, const nmod_poly_t poly, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets op to the finite field element represented by the polynomial poly. Assumes the characteristic of the field and the modulus of the polynomial are the same. No checking of this occurs.

void fq_default_get_fmpz_mod_poly(fmpz_mod_poly_t poly, const fq_default_t op, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets poly to the polynomial representation of op. Assumes the characteristic of the field and the modulus of the polynomial are the same. No checking of this occurs.

void fq_default_set_fmpz_mod_poly(fq_default_t op, const fmpz_mod_poly_t poly, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets op to the finite field element represented by the polynomial poly. Assumes the characteristic of the field and the modulus of the polynomial are the same. No checking of this occurs.

void fq_default_get_fmpz_poly(fmpz_poly_t a, const fq_default_t b, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Set a to a representative of b in ctx. The representatives are taken in \((\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z})[x]/h(x)\) where \(h(x)\) is the defining polynomial in ctx.

void fq_default_set_fmpz_poly(fq_default_t a, const fmpz_poly_t b, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Set a to the element in ctx with representative b. The representatives are taken in \((\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z})[x]/h(x)\) where \(h(x)\) is the defining polynomial in ctx.

Comparison

int fq_default_is_zero(const fq_default_t op, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Returns whether op is equal to zero.

int fq_default_is_one(const fq_default_t op, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Returns whether op is equal to one.

int fq_default_equal(const fq_default_t op1, const fq_default_t op2, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Returns whether op1 and op2 are equal.

Special functions

void fq_default_trace(fmpz_t rop, const fq_default_t op, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Sets rop to the trace of op.

For an element \(a \in \mathbf{F}_q\), multiplication by \(a\) defines a \(\mathbf{F}_p\)-linear map on \(\mathbf{F}_q\). We define the trace of \(a\) as the trace of this map. Equivalently, if \(\Sigma\) generates \(\operatorname{Gal}(\mathbf{F}_q / \mathbf{F}_p)\) then the trace of \(a\) is equal to \(\sum_{i=0}^{d-1} \Sigma^i (a)\), where \(d = \log_{p} q\).

void fq_default_norm(fmpz_t rop, const fq_default_t op, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Computes the norm of op.

For an element \(a \in \mathbf{F}_q\), multiplication by \(a\) defines a \(\mathbf{F}_p\)-linear map on \(\mathbf{F}_q\). We define the norm of \(a\) as the determinant of this map. Equivalently, if \(\Sigma\) generates \(\operatorname{Gal}(\mathbf{F}_q / \mathbf{F}_p)\) then the trace of \(a\) is equal to \(\prod_{i=0}^{d-1} \Sigma^i (a)\), where \(d = \text{dim}_{\mathbf{F}_p}(\mathbf{F}_q)\).

Algorithm selection is automatic depending on the input.

void fq_default_frobenius(fq_default_t rop, const fq_default_t op, slong e, const fq_default_ctx_t ctx)

Evaluates the homomorphism \(\Sigma^e\) at op.

Recall that \(\mathbf{F}_q / \mathbf{F}_p\) is Galois with Galois group \(\langle \sigma \rangle\), which is also isomorphic to \(\mathbf{Z}/d\mathbf{Z}\), where \(\sigma \in \operatorname{Gal}(\mathbf{F}_q/\mathbf{F}_p)\) is the Frobenius element \(\sigma \colon x \mapsto x^p\).